1. Objective
The purpose of this test is to evaluate the performance and protective capability of transport packaging under simulated handling, storage, and transportation conditions. This ensures that packages can withstand mechanical and environmental stresses during their lifecycle.
2. Scope
This test applies to various transport packaging types, including:
- Corrugated fiberboard boxes
- Wooden crates
- Plastic containers
- Palletized loads
The standard provides a structured test sequence to simulate real-world logistics handling, including shock, vibration, compression, and climate exposure.
3. Test Specimen & Preparation
- Select at least five fully packed and sealed transport packages in their final shipping configuration.
- Ensure the actual product or simulated load (dummy weight) is inside, depending on test objectives.
- Condition the specimens per ISO 2233 (Standard for Conditioning Packaging for Testing) at standard temperature and humidity for 24-48 hours.
✅ Decision Required: Should testing be done with real contents or a simulated weight substitute?
4. Test Equipment & Setup
- Compression Testing Machine (for stacking strength evaluation).
- Drop Testing Apparatus (for impact resistance).
- Vibration Table (for simulating transport vibrations).
- Climatic Chamber (for environmental conditioning).
✅ Decision Required: What climatic conditions (temperature and humidity ranges) should be tested?
5. Testing Procedure (Based on ISO 4180 Index)
5.1 Conditioning of Specimens (ISO 2233)
- Precondition specimens to simulate real-world environmental exposure before testing.
- Expose to temperature and humidity variations as per shipping conditions.
✅ Decision Required: Should accelerated aging be included to assess long-term durability?
5.2 Mechanical Testing
5.2.1 Drop Test (ISO 2248 – Free-Fall Drop Test)
- Drop the package from a specified height onto edges, corners, and faces.
- Evaluate the structural integrity and product protection.
✅ Decision Required: What drop height and orientation should be used based on handling risks?
5.2.2 Compression Test (ISO 2872 – Stacking Strength)
- Apply a progressive load to simulate stacking pressure.
- Measure maximum load capacity before failure.
✅ Decision Required: What stacking load and duration should be tested?
5.2.3 Vibration Test (ISO 13355 – Transport Simulation)
- Subject packages to vibration profiles mimicking real-world transport (truck, rail, air).
- Assess damage to both packaging and product.
✅ Decision Required: Which transport mode vibration profile (road, rail, air) should be simulated?
5.2.4 Horizontal Impact Test (ISO 2234 – Incline Impact Test)
- Simulate sudden braking or rough handling.
- Observe package deformation and content shift.
✅ Decision Required: What impact energy levels should be used?
5.3 Environmental Testing
5.3.1 Temperature & Humidity Cycling (ISO 2233)
- Simulate storage and transport conditions by exposing packages to temperature and humidity fluctuations.
- Identify material warping, seal failures, or condensation-related damage.
✅ Decision Required: What climate exposure duration and temperature range should be tested?
5.4 Product Inspection & Data Collection
- Visual Inspection: Identify structural deformations, punctures, and seal failures.
- Load Capacity Data: Record compression strength, vibration response, and impact resilience.
- Failure Mode Analysis: Document causes of packaging failure.
6. Reporting & Recommendations
- Data Tables & Graphs: Compression force vs. deformation, vibration frequency vs. damage levels.
- Photographic Evidence: Images of package damage before and after tests.
- Improvement Suggestions: Material enhancements, reinforcement recommendations.
7. Safety Considerations
- Ensure testing equipment is calibrated before use.
- Use protective gear during impact and compression tests.
- Follow safe handling protocols for heavy packages.
8. Undecided Factors in the Test Plan
1. Selection of Drop Test Height & Orientation
- Should the drop height be based on manual handling (lower height) or mechanized handling (higher height)?
2. Stacking Load & Duration for Compression Testing
- Should the stacking test simulate short-term warehouse storage or long-term load-bearing conditions?
3. Vibration Simulation Mode Selection
- Should the test focus on road transport vibration (random frequencies) or air/rail transport profiles (different impact levels)?
4. Environmental Exposure Conditions
- What temperature and humidity ranges should be simulated based on the expected transport regions?
Next Steps
To finalize this test plan, the above undecided factors need to be clarified based on:
✅ Shipping routes and expected transport conditions
✅ Industry regulations and customer requirements
✅ Type of product and sensitivity to impact and vibration
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