1. Objective
The purpose of this test is to determine the compression resistance of complete, filled transport packages under various load conditions. This ensures that packaging maintains structural integrity, protects contents, and withstands stacking pressures during storage and transportation.
2. Scope
This test applies to corrugated boxes, rigid plastic containers, wooden crates, and other transport packages that require compression strength validation. It evaluates:
- Maximum load capacity before failure.
- Deformation characteristics under applied load.
- Stacking ability for warehouse storage and transit.
3. Test Specimen & Preparation
- Select at least five fully packed and sealed samples of the transport package in its final production form.
- Condition specimens per ISO 2233 (Standard for Conditioning Packaging for Testing) for 24–48 hours at standard temperature and humidity.
- Ensure the test is conducted with actual contents or a substitute material with equivalent weight and distribution.
✅ Decision Required: Should testing be done with real contents or simulated load?
4. Test Equipment & Setup
- Compression Testing Machine (CTM): A universal compression tester with a load cell to measure force in Newtons (N) or kilonewtons (kN).
- Compression Plates: Two rigid, parallel plates to apply uniform load.
- Deflection Measurement System: To record package deformation under load.
- Load Application Modes:
- Fixed Load Application – Apply a predetermined force and observe deformation.
- Progressive Load Application – Gradually increase load until package failure.
✅ Decision Required: Which load application method is most relevant for this packaging type?
5. Testing Procedure (Based on ISO 2872 Index)
5.1 Positioning of the Test Specimen
- Place the package centrally between the compression plates.
- Align it vertically or horizontally based on actual stacking orientation.
- Ensure equal weight distribution inside the package.
✅ Decision Required: Should testing be done vertically (normal stacking) or horizontally (side load conditions)?
5.2 Load Application & Testing Method
Option 1: Constant Load Method
- Apply a preset compression force for a specified duration.
- Measure the deformation and structural integrity under load.
- Determine if the package recovers after unloading.
Option 2: Progressive Load Method
- Apply force at a constant rate until package failure.
- Record the maximum force sustained before collapse.
✅ Decision Required: Which test method best represents real-world handling?
5.3 Measurement & Data Collection
- Compression Strength (kN or N/m²): Peak load the package withstands before failure.
- Deformation (mm): Amount of compression at each load level.
- Failure Mode:
- Buckling or collapse.
- Seal or joint failure.
- Material tearing.
✅ Decision Required: What failure criteria determine if the package passes or fails?
6. Reporting & Recommendations
- Graphical Data: Force vs. deformation curves.
- Photographic Evidence: Images of package failure points.
- Recommendations: If failure occurs, suggest material changes, reinforcement, or design modifications.
7. Safety Considerations
- Ensure proper calibration of the compression testing machine.
- Use protective gear in case of sudden package collapse.
- Follow handling procedures for heavy packages.
8. Undecided Factors in the Test Plan
1. Selection of Load Application Method
- Fixed constant load vs. progressive loading until failure.
- Decision Required: Which method best reflects stacking and transport stresses?
2. Testing Orientation
- Should testing be conducted vertically (normal stacking) or horizontally (side loads)?
- Decision Required: Which orientation is most relevant for this transport scenario?
3. Pass/Fail Criteria for Deformation
- How much deformation is acceptable before considering failure?
- Decision Required: What is the maximum allowable deformation percentage?
4. Use of Real Contents vs. Simulated Load
- Real contents may alter results, but simulated loads provide repeatability.
- Decision Required: Should real contents be used, or is an equivalent weight substitute acceptable?
Next Steps
To finalize this test plan, the above undecided factors need to be clarified based on:
✅ Intended stacking conditions and transport requirements
✅ Industry regulations (e.g., ISO, ISTA, or customer specifications)
✅ Packaging material and expected load distribution
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